Which are various fire fighting system for building ? - Fire Safety - Safety

Various fire fighting system for building are following:

Automatic sprinkle system:

This system consists of automatic sprinkles attached to a piping system containing water under pressure and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately from the sprinkles opened by a fire.

Carbon dioxide system:

Carbon dioxide is a clean , non combustible and non corrosive gas. It extinguishes the fire by diluting flammable mixtures of air and flammable gas or vapour to proportions below their flammable limits. It does not conduct electricity and it penetrates and spreads as a gas over the entire area to be protected from fire.This system is adopted to grant fire protection to areas containing flammable liquids, paint mixing rooms, petroleum research laboratories, computer rooms, etc

Dry chemical system:

This system includes a supply of dry chemical, a spreading gas such as compressed nitrogen, detection devices, release mechanism, fixed piping and nozzles for discharging the dry chemical into the hazard area. This system is applied in two ways(A) Flooding (B) Local.Flooding is used for enclosed areas while Local is applied for areas which are effectively isolated from other sources of ignition.

Foam system:

The mechanical foam is formed by passing foam producing liquid and water through an agitation device.It is lighter than flammable liquids and oils. It floats on the surface of the liquid and thus forms a continuous blanket which separates flammable liquid from air supply effectively.This system is used for oil refineries, chemical plants, aircraft hangers, liquid solvent plants.

Halon system:

Halon contained in cylinders in liquid form is released through nozzles on the piping distribution arrangement. An actuator is provided on the cylinder control valve and it is operated either by electric or pneumatic signal when fire occurs.

Hydrant system:

Hydrants are located at suitable points and they can be operated either manually or automatically. In manual operation, a pump has to be started manually after opening the hydrant valve.In automatic operation, the pump will start automatically when the hydrant valve is opened manually.The hydrant valve should be designed for the prescribed discharge under pressure such that a jet throw of water is obtained from the nozzle of hose pipe. This system is the backbone of all the fire protection system. It can be installed for multi storeyed buildings, power plants, textiles mills, hospitals, paper mills, airports, warehouses.

Water spray system:

Water spray is used to extinguish fire. This system can be grouped into the following categories.a)Multifire system b)Protectospray system Multifire system is designed to have a coarse water spray discharged at high velocity. Such an arrangement gives the water spray to reach upto the base of flame zone.Protectospray system is designed to have a fine water spray discharged at low velocity. Such an arrangement cools the burning surface and creates inert vapour.