Aggregates of concrete and their density

The strength of cement concrete depends upon the physical, chemical and thermal properties of aggregates. Proper selection and grading of aggregates are important consideration both economically and technically. Aggregates are cheaper than cement and provide greater volume stability and durability to concrete.

Following are the density of coarse aggregate

Broken stone ballast

Dry well shaken=1600—1870 kg/cum
Perfectly wet =1920—2240 kg/cum
Shingles 3-38mm=1460 kg/cum

Gravel

Loose = 1600 kg/ cum
Un disturbed =1920-2160 kg/cum
Riprap =1280—1440 kg/cum

Granite = 2630—2760 kg/cum
Brick Ballast = 1200 kg/ cum

The IS Code of fine aggregate= IS: 2686—1977
The IS Code of coarse aggregate= IS:383
The IS Code of Cement

33 grade ordinary Portland cement=IS: 269
43 grade ordinary Portland cement=IS: 8112
53 grade ordinary Portland cement=IS: 12269
Rapid Hardening Portland cement =IS: 8041
Portland Slag Cement =IS: 455
Portland Pozzolona Cement =IS: 1489 part I and 2
Hydrophobic Cement =IS:8043s
Low Heat Portland cement =IS : 12600
Sulphate resisting Portland cement =IS: 12330

Density of Coarse Aggregate

Aggregate which occupy nearly 80 to 85 % volume of concrete are most important part of the concrete or RCC. However, it is well recognize that physical, chemical and thermal properties of aggregate substantially influence the properties and performance of concrete. Proper selection and grading of aggregates are important consideration, both economically as well as technically. Aggregates are generally cheaper than cement and provide greater volume stability and durability to concrete. In cement concrete or RCC following ingredients are mixed such as

Aggregate of concrete

Cement
Coarse Aggregates
Fine Aggregates
Water

Coarse Aggregate

Coarse Aggregate in general should consist of natural occurring stones (crushed, uncrushed or broken) stones, riverbed single or pit gravel. It should be hard, strong, dense, durable, and clean. It must be free from veins, adherent coatings and injurious amounts of disintegrated pieces, alkali, vegetable matter and other deleterious substances. River gravels make the best coarse aggregate. Angular and roughly cubical particles in shape are ideal. Flaky pieces shall be avoided. It should confirm to IS 2383(I).

Weight of Coarse Aggregate

The normal weight of stone aggregate in loose state is= 1400 to 1600 kg per cum, but for illustration an average value 1500 kg per cum is considered.
Grading of coarse aggregate
Proper graded material should be used for achieving good bond stress. Grading of coarse aggregates are important consideration for getting maximum strength of concrete and RCC and significant both economically as well as technically. Grading should be according to the table as given below:

Coarse Aggregate Size for Concrete

#	IS Sieve Size of Designation (mm)	Percentage 40mm	Passing 20mm	(by weight) 16mm	for material 12.5mm
1.	75	100	---	---	---
2.	37.5	95-100	100	---	---
3.	19	33-77	95-100	100	---
4.	16	---	---	95-100	100
5.	11.2	---	---	---	90-100
6.	9.5	10-35	25-35	30-70	40-85
7.	4.75	0-5	0-10	0-10	0-10

Density of coarse Aggregate

Following are the density of coarse aggregate

Broken stone ballast

Dry well shaken=1600—1870 kg/cum
Perfectly wet =1920—2240 kg/cum
Shingles 3-38mm=1460 kg/cum

Gravel

Loose = 1600 kg/ cum
Un disturbed =1920-2160 kg/cum
Riprap =1280—1440 kg/cum

Granite = 2630—2760 kg/cum
Brick Ballast = 1200 kg/ cum

Note: Brick aggregate is not used in RCC work.

Density of fine aggregate

Corse Sand

Dry clean =1540—1600 kg/cum
River = 1840 kg/cum
Wet =1760—2000 kg/cum

Fine Sand
Dry sand =1600 kg/ cum
Saturated =2080 kg/cum

Density of Cement

Ordinary Portland cement=1440kg/cum
Rapid Hardening cement =1350kg/ cum

Bulk density of coarse aggregate=1600 to 1800 kg/ cum

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