Which are various types of faults in electrical fitting?

There  are three types of faults in electrical fitting.

• Open Circuit Fault
• Short Circuit Fault
• Earth fault and Leakage Fault

OPEN CIRCUIT FAULT:
The current flows in a closed circuit. Whenever there is a break in the circuit, the current does not flow. This is called Open circuit fault.
Open circuit fault is due to following.
• The burnt element:
• A cut / broken wire.
• A loose / open connection
• A rusted point.

• SHORT CIRCUIT FAULT:
  When the supply is connected to live and neutral wire without a load, the short circuit fault occurs. In such condition  the fuse blows out.
  Short circuit fault is due to following:
• Insulation failure
• Loose connection
• Earth fault and Leakage fault:

Body of the appliance becomes live due to earth fault. It may give severe shock. The fuse blows out if the body of the appliance has in touch with the earth.

A minor earth fault is known as the leakage fault. In leakage fault the appliance may continue to work.

• Earth fault is due to the following.
  It is caused by loose and damaged connection in the body of an appliance.